Changes in the atmosphere

The time series of global annual mean surface temperature shows that the wide domain experiments are about 0.5-1K warmer than the control run, while the middle and small domain experiments have a much lower warming (see figure below).

The movie below shows the difference in monthly mean surface temperature (averaged over 50 years) between the Atlantic (top panels) / Pacific (bottom panels) SST restoring experiments and the control run for each month, centered on the North Pole. The wide domain experiments (left column) show a strong warming (more pronounced in the Arctic) during all months, with a cooling in central eastern Asia in winter. The middle and small domain experiments (middle and right columns) show a warming over the Arctic and a cooling over central eastern Asia and parts of North America.